Persyaratan Visa Paspor Austria
Temukan ke mana pemegang paspor Austria dapat bepergian bebas visa, dengan e-Visa, atau di mana visa diperlukan.
Peringkat Global
#5
Destinasi Bebas Visa
129
119
Bebas Visa
45
E-Visa
10
Visa saat Kedatangan
19
Visa Diperlukan
Peta Visa untuk Paspor Austria
Visa Free
E-Visa
Visa on Arrival
Visa Required
Free Movement
Your Passport
Semua Destinasi
| # | Negara | Status Visa | Durasi Tinggal | Catatan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Afghanistan | Visa Required | - | - |
| 2 |  Albania | Visa Free | 90 days | ID card valid. |
| 3 |  Algeria | Visa Required | - | - |
| 4 |  Andorra | Visa Free | - | ID card valid. |
| 5 |  Angola | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 6 |  Antigua and Barbuda | Visa Free | 6 months | - |
| 7 |  Argentina | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 8 |  Armenia | Visa Free | 180 days | - |
| 9 |  Australia | E-Visa | 90 days | 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted. |
| 10 |  Azerbaijan | E-Visa | 30 days | - |
| 11 |  Bahamas | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 12 |  Bahrain | E-Visa | 14 days | - |
| 13 |  Bangladesh | Visa on Arrival | 30 days | - |
| 14 |  Barbados | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 15 |  Belarus | Visa Free | 30 days | Visa free until 31.12.2026 |
| 16 |  Belgium | Visa Free | - | - |
| 17 |  Belize | Visa Free | - | - |
| 18 |  Benin | E-Visa | 30 days | Must have an international vaccination certificate. |
| 19 |  Bhutan | E-Visa | - | - |
| 20 |  Bolivia | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 21 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 6-month period. ID card valid. |
| 22 |  Botswana | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 23 |  Brazil | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 24 |  Brunei | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 25 |  Bulgaria | Visa Free | - | - |
| 26 |  Burkina Faso | E-Visa | 1 months | - |
| 27 |  Burundi | Visa on Arrival | 1 months | - |
| 28 |  Cabo Verde | Visa Free | 30 days | Must register online at least five days prior to arrival. |
| 29 |  Cambodia | E-Visa | 30 days | Visa is also obtainable online. |
| 30 |  Cameroon | E-Visa | - | - |
| 31 |  Canada | Visa Free | 6 months | eTA required if arriving by air. |
| 32 |  Central African Republic | Visa Required | - | - |
| 33 |  Chad | Visa Required | - | - |
| 34 |  Chile | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 35 |  China | Visa Free | 30 days | Visa-free from 14 March, 2024 to 31 December, 2026. Since 30 November 2024 the visa-free period was extended to 30 days (before 15 days). 240-hour (10-day) visa-free transit to a third country or region (including Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan) using any mode of transport. Must have a confirmed onward ticket/itinerary, and enter through 1 of 64 approved ports. During which, may freely travel within the 24 provinces permitted for visa-free transit and engage in tourism, business, and visits. 24-hour visa-free transit to a third country or region (including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), is available at most international airports, without leaving the airport. Travellers who need to leave the airport may obtain a temporary entry permit from immigration. 5-day port visa (Visa on Arrival) for Shenzhen if arriving at designated ports of entry from Hong Kong by land or sea, for stays within Shenzhen. 3-day port visa (Visa on Arrival) if arriving in Zhuhai or Xiamen at designated ports of entry, for stays within the respective city. 15-day visa-free entry for cruise ship passengers in tour groups, if arriving at any cruise port along China's coastline, including but not limited to Tianjin; Dalian; Shanghai; Lianyungang; Wenzhou; Zhoushan; Xiamen; Qingdao; Guangzhou; Shenzhen; Beihai; Haikou; Sanya. May further travel inland to all regions of coastal provinces (and equivalents) and Beijing. May apply for a port visa (Visa on Arrival) if travelling for an urgent, qualified reason. Prior clearance for port visa is highly recommended or may be denied boarding by airlines. |
| 36 |  Colombia | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a 1-year period. |
| 37 |  Comoros | Visa on Arrival | 45 days | - |
| 38 |  Costa Rica | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 39 |  Cote d'Ivoire | E-Visa | - | - |
| 40 |  Croatia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 41 |  Cuba | Visa on Arrival | 90 days | Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee. |
| 42 |  Cyprus | Visa Free | - | - |
| 43 |  Czechia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 44 |  Denmark | Visa Free | - | - |
| 45 |  Djibouti | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 46 |  Dominica | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 47 | Dominican Republic | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 48 |  DR Congo | E-Visa | 7 days | - |
| 49 |  East Timor | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 50 |  Ecuador | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 51 |  Egypt | E-Visa | 30 days | - |
| 52 |  El Salvador | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 53 |  Equatorial Guinea | E-Visa | - | - |
| 54 |  Eritrea | Visa Required | - | - |
| 55 |  Estonia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 56 |  Eswatini | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 57 |  Ethiopia | E-Visa | 90 days | Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa is available for 30 or 90 days. |
| 58 |  Fiji | Visa Free | 4 months | - |
| 59 |  Finland | Visa Free | - | - |
| 60 |  France | Visa Free | - | - |
| 61 |  Gabon | E-Visa | 90 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport. |
| 62 |  Gambia | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 63 |  Georgia | Visa Free | 1 years | ID card valid. |
| 64 |  Germany | Visa Free | - | - |
| 65 |  Ghana | Visa Required | - | - |
| 66 |  Greece | Visa Free | - | - |
| 67 |  Grenada | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 68 |  Guatemala | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 69 |  Guinea | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 70 |  Guinea-Bissau | Visa on Arrival | 90 days | - |
| 71 |  Guyana | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 72 |  Haiti | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 73 |  Honduras | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 74 |  Hungary | Visa Free | - | - |
| 75 |  Iceland | Visa Free | - | - |
| 76 |  India | E-Visa | 30 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via 32 designated airports or 5 designated seaports. An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year. Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa. |
| 77 |  Indonesia | Visa on Arrival | 30 days | - |
| 78 |  Iran | E-Visa | 30 days | Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's e-Visa website and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival. |
| 79 |  Iraq | E-Visa | 60 days | - |
| 80 |  Ireland | Visa Free | - | - |
| 81 |  Israel | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 82 |  Italy | Visa Free | - | - |
| 83 |  Jamaica | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 84 |  Japan | Visa Free | 90 days | Extendable once. |
| 85 |  Jordan | E-Visa | 30 days | Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge) |
| 86 |  Kazakhstan | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 87 |  Kenya | E-Visa | 90 days | Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. |
| 88 |  Kiribati | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 89 |  Kuwait | E-Visa | 3 months | - |
| 90 |  Kyrgyzstan | Visa Free | 60 days | 60 days within 120 days |
| 91 |  Laos | Visa Free | 15 days | Visa not required from 1 July to 31 December 2024. eVisa and Visa on arrival also available. 18 of the 33 border crossings are only open to regular visa holders. e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through the Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges, in Boten (road and railroad), and in Vientiane (at Khamsavath railway station). Visa on arrival is available at the Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges and 7 border crossings. |
| 92 |  Latvia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 93 |  Lebanon | Visa on Arrival | 1 months | 1 month extendable for 2 additional months. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket. |
| 94 |  Lesotho | Visa Free | 14 days | e-visa for 44 days also available |
| 95 |  Liberia | Visa Required | - | - |
| 96 |  Libya | E-Visa | - | - |
| 97 |  Liechtenstein | Visa Free | - | - |
| 98 |  Lithuania | Visa Free | - | - |
| 99 |  Luxembourg | Visa Free | - | - |
| 100 |  Madagascar | E-Visa | 60 days | - |
| 101 |  Malawi | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 102 |  Malaysia | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 103 |  Maldives | Visa on Arrival | 30 days | - |
| 104 |  Mali | Visa Required | - | - |
| 105 |  Malta | Visa Free | - | - |
| 106 |  Marshall Islands | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 107 |  Mauritania | Visa on Arrival | - | Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport. |
| 108 |  Mauritius | Visa Free | 180 days | 180 days for tourism, 120 days for business |
| 109 |  Mexico | Visa Free | 180 days | - |
| 110 |  Micronesia | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 111 |  Moldova | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. ID card valid. |
| 112 |  Monaco | Visa Free | - | ID card valid. |
| 113 |  Mongolia | Visa Free | 30 days | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia has exempted visas for 34 countries from January 2023 to December 2025. |
| 114 |  Montenegro | Visa Free | 90 days | ID card valid for 30 days. |
| 115 |  Morocco | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 116 |  Mozambique | E-Visa | 30 days | - |
| 117 |  Myanmar | E-Visa | 28 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. e-Visa available for both tourism or business purposes. Visa on arrival may be obtainted at Yangon International Airport, Nay Pyi Taw International Airport or Mandalay International Airport. |
| 118 |  Namibia | Visa Free | 3 months | 3 months within a calendar year. |
| 119 |  Nauru | Visa Required | - | - |
| 120 |  Nepal | Visa on Arrival | 90 days | - |
| 121 |  Netherlands | Visa Free | - | - |
| 122 |  New Zealand | E-Visa | 3 months | International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority. Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure. Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy. |
| 123 |  Nicaragua | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 124 |  Niger | Visa Required | - | - |
| 125 |  Nigeria | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 126 |  North Korea | Visa Required | - | - |
| 127 |  North Macedonia | Visa Free | 90 days | ID card valid. |
| 128 |  Norway | Visa Free | - | - |
| 129 |  Oman | Visa Free | 14 days | - |
| 130 |  Pakistan | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 131 |  Palau | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 132 |  Panama | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 133 |  Papua New Guinea | E-Visa | 60 days | Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul). |
| 134 |  Paraguay | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 135 |  Peru | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 6-month period |
| 136 |  Philippines | Visa Free | 30 days | A single or multiple entry eVisa for stays of up to 59 days is also available. |
| 137 |  Poland | Visa Free | - | - |
| 138 |  Portugal | Visa Free | - | - |
| 139 |  Qatar | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 140 |  Republic of the Congo | Visa Required | - | - |
| 141 |  Romania | Visa Free | - | - |
| 142 |  Russia | E-Visa | 16 days | - |
| 143 |  Rwanda | E-Visa | 30 days | - |
| 144 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa Required | 3 months | - |
| 145 |  Saint Lucia | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 146 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 147 |  Samoa | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 148 |  San Marino | Visa Free | - | ID card valid |
| 149 |  Sao Tome and Principe | Visa Free | 15 days | - |
| 150 | Saudi Arabia | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 151 |  Senegal | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 152 |  Serbia | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 6-month period. ID card valid. |
| 153 |  Seychelles | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 154 |  Sierra Leone | E-Visa | 30 days | Obtainable online. Processing may take up to 7 days. The mandatory yellow fever vaccination may be checked upon arrival. |
| 155 |  Singapore | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 156 |  Slovakia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 157 |  Slovenia | Visa Free | - | - |
| 158 |  Solomon Islands | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 159 |  Somalia | E-Visa | 30 days | Available at Berbera, Borama, Burao, Erigavo and Hargeisa airports. 30 days, available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport. |
| 160 |  South Africa | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 161 |  South Korea | Visa Required | 90 days | The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval. |
| 162 |  South Sudan | E-Visa | - | Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. |
| 163 | Spain | Visa Free | - | - |
| 164 |  Sri Lanka | E-Visa | 60 days | The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period. Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period). |
| 165 |  Sudan | Visa Required | - | - |
| 166 |  Suriname | Visa Free | 90 days | An entrance fee of USD 50 or EUR 50 must be paid online prior to arrival. Multiple entry e-Visa is also available. |
| 167 |  Sweden | Visa Free | - | - |
| 168 |  Switzerland | Visa Free | - | - |
| 169 |  Syria | E-Visa | - | - |
| 170 |  Tajikistan | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 171 |  Tanzania | E-Visa | 90 days | - |
| 172 |  Thailand | Visa Free | 60 days | - |
| 173 |  Togo | E-Visa | 15 days | - |
| 174 |  Tonga | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 175 |  Trinidad and Tobago | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 176 |  Tunisia | Visa Free | 3 months | - |
| 177 |  Turkey | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 178 |  Turkmenistan | Visa Required | - | - |
| 179 |  Tuvalu | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 180 |  Uganda | E-Visa | 3 months | - |
| 181 |  Ukraine | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 182 |  United Arab Emirates | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 183 |  United Kingdom | Visa Required | 6 months | ETA required. |
| 184 |  United States | Visa Required | 90 days | ESTA is valid for 2 years from the date of issuance. ESTA is also required when entering the country by cruise ship or land. A Form I-94 is required for entry into the United States by land. It carries a $30 fee and can be obtained either online or upon arrival. Visa required for nationals of VWP countries who have travelled or been present in Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria or Yemen at any time on or after 1 March 2011 (with limited exceptions), or those who have travelled or being present in Cuba at any time on or after 12 January 2021, or nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan or Syria. |
| 185 |  Uruguay | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 186 |  Uzbekistan | Visa Free | 30 days | - |
| 187 |  Vanuatu | Visa Free | 90 days | 90 days within any 180 day period. |
| 188 |  Vatican City | Visa Free | - | ID card valid. |
| 189 |  Venezuela | Visa Free | 90 days | - |
| 190 |  Vietnam | E-Visa | 90 days | 30 days visa free when visit Phu Quoc Island |
| 191 |  Yemen | Visa Required | - | - |
| 192 |  Zambia | Visa Free | 90 days | Also eligible for a universal visa. |
| 193 |  Zimbabwe | E-Visa | 30 days | - |
Destinasi berdasarkan Wilayah
Asia 46 negara
Afghanistan Visa Required Armenia Visa Free Azerbaijan E-Visa Bahrain E-Visa Bangladesh Visa on Arrival Bhutan E-Visa Brunei Visa Free Cambodia E-Visa China Visa Free East Timor Visa Free Georgia Visa Free India E-Visa Indonesia Visa on Arrival Iran E-Visa Iraq E-Visa Israel E-Visa Japan Visa Free Jordan E-Visa Kazakhstan Visa Free Kuwait E-Visa Kyrgyzstan Visa Free Laos Visa Free Lebanon Visa on Arrival Malaysia Visa Free Maldives Visa on Arrival Mongolia Visa Free Myanmar E-Visa Nepal Visa on Arrival North Korea Visa Required Oman Visa Free Pakistan E-Visa Philippines Visa Free Qatar Visa Free Saudi Arabia E-Visa Singapore Visa Free South Korea Visa Required Sri Lanka E-Visa Syria E-Visa Tajikistan Visa Free Thailand Visa Free Turkey Visa Free Turkmenistan Visa Required United Arab Emirates Visa Free Uzbekistan Visa Free Vietnam E-Visa Yemen Visa Required Europe 44 negara
Albania Visa Free Andorra Visa Free Belarus Visa Free Belgium Visa Free Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa Free Bulgaria Visa Free Croatia Visa Free Cyprus Visa Free Czechia Visa Free Denmark Visa Free Estonia Visa Free Finland Visa Free France Visa Free Germany Visa Free Greece Visa Free Hungary Visa Free Iceland Visa Free Ireland Visa Free Italy Visa Free Latvia Visa Free Liechtenstein Visa Free Lithuania Visa Free Luxembourg Visa Free Malta Visa Free Moldova Visa Free Monaco Visa Free Montenegro Visa Free Netherlands Visa Free North Macedonia Visa Free Norway Visa Free Poland Visa Free Portugal Visa Free Romania Visa Free Russia E-Visa San Marino Visa Free Serbia Visa Free Slovakia Visa Free Slovenia Visa Free Spain Visa Free Sweden Visa Free Switzerland Visa Free Ukraine Visa Free United Kingdom Visa Required Vatican City Visa Free Africa 52 negara
Algeria Visa Required Angola Visa Free Benin E-Visa Botswana Visa Free Burkina Faso E-Visa Burundi Visa on Arrival Cabo Verde Visa Free Cameroon E-Visa Central African Republic Visa Required Chad Visa Required Comoros Visa on Arrival Cote d'Ivoire E-Visa Djibouti E-Visa DR Congo E-Visa Egypt E-Visa Equatorial Guinea E-Visa Eritrea Visa Required Ethiopia E-Visa Gabon E-Visa Gambia Visa Free Ghana Visa Required Guinea E-Visa Guinea-Bissau Visa on Arrival Kenya E-Visa Lesotho Visa Free Liberia Visa Required Libya E-Visa Madagascar E-Visa Malawi E-Visa Mali Visa Required Mauritania Visa on Arrival Mauritius Visa Free Morocco Visa Free Mozambique E-Visa Namibia Visa Free Niger Visa Required Nigeria E-Visa Republic of the Congo Visa Required Rwanda E-Visa Senegal Visa Free Seychelles Visa Free Sierra Leone E-Visa Somalia E-Visa South Africa Visa Free South Sudan E-Visa Sudan Visa Required Tanzania E-Visa Togo E-Visa Tunisia Visa Free Uganda E-Visa Zambia Visa Free Zimbabwe E-Visa Americas 33 negara
Argentina Visa Free Bahamas Visa Free Barbados Visa Free Belize Visa Free Bolivia Visa Free Brazil Visa Free Canada Visa Free Chile Visa Free Colombia Visa Free Costa Rica Visa Free Cuba Visa on Arrival Dominican Republic Visa Free Ecuador Visa Free El Salvador Visa Free Grenada Visa Free Guatemala Visa Free Guyana Visa Free Haiti Visa Free Honduras Visa Free Jamaica Visa Free Mexico Visa Free Nicaragua Visa Free Panama Visa Free Paraguay Visa Free Peru Visa Free Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa Required Saint Lucia Visa Free Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa Free Suriname Visa Free Trinidad and Tobago Visa Free United States Visa Required Uruguay Visa Free Venezuela Visa Free Paspor Serupa
Paspor dengan kebebasan perjalanan serupa.
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Berapa banyak negara yang dapat dikunjungi pemegang paspor Austria tanpa visa?
Pemegang paspor Austria dapat mengunjungi 129 negara dan wilayah tanpa perlu mendapatkan visa terlebih dahulu. Ini mencakup akses bebas visa, visa saat kedatangan, dan destinasi e-Visa.
Berapa peringkat global paspor Austria?
Paspor Austria berada di peringkat #5 di dunia berdasarkan jumlah destinasi yang dapat diakses tanpa visa tradisional.
Apakah warga negara Austria memerlukan visa untuk Eropa?
Persyaratan visa untuk warga negara Austria yang mengunjungi negara-negara Eropa bervariasi. Periksa tabel destinasi di atas untuk persyaratan khusus setiap negara Eropa.
Bagaimana warga negara Austria dapat mengajukan visa?
Proses pengajuan visa bervariasi berdasarkan destinasi. Umumnya, Anda perlu mengajukan melalui kedutaan besar atau konsulat negara tujuan, atau melalui portal e-Visa online mereka jika tersedia.